then, the ball is "out" of the ruck, scrum or maul.
Note that the terminology "two hands on the ball means it is out" has been removed from this definition. Until the ball is out, the off-side line exists and players in the ruck, maul or scrum may not reach out to grab or interfere with the scrum-half: he is allowed to “dig it out”. This means if the scrum-half is “digging it out”, the ball is not yet out.
This is an excerpt from the "Ask a Referee" column by Peter Darbishire in the Spring 2009 edition of Scrum, Ontario’s Rugby Magazine. You can subscribe to Scrum at www.scrummag.com.
For a video explanation, see the Ball Out link on www.rugbyrefereedevelopment.com